
SpecializedEnglish;学习规定;
Lesson1CareersinCivilEngineering
;Engineeringisaprofession(专门职业),whichmeansthatanengineermusthaveaspecializeduniversityeducation.Manygovernmentjurisdictions(政府行政区)alsohavelicensing(许可、准许)procedureswhichrequireengineeringgraduates(工科毕业生)topassanexamination,similartothebar(法庭、律师职业)examinationsforalawyer,beforetheycanactivelystartontheircareers.
土木工程是一种意味着工程师必须要通过专门大学教育职业。许多政府管辖部门尚有(一套)认证程序,这一程序规定工科毕业生在他们能积极地开始(从事)他们事业之前,通过(认证)考试,这种考试类似于律师职业里律师考试同样。;SupervisionEngineer
监理工程师
MinistryofTransportofthePeople’sRepublicofChina
MinistryofHousingandUrban-RuralDevelopmentofthePeople’sRepublicofChina
(住房和城镇建设部)
first-graderegisteredconstructionengineer
一级建造师
RegisteredCertificateofConstructorThePeople’sRepublicofChina简称为RCCPRC
国家注册一级建造师证书
CostEngineer
造价工程师
StructureEngineer
构造工程师
;Intheuniversity,mathematics,physics,andchemistryareheavilyemphasized(强调、加强)throughouttheengineeringcurriculum(课程表),butparticularlyinthefirsttwoorthreeyears.Mathematicsisveryimportantinallbranches(分支、门类)ofengineering,soitisgreatlystressed(强调、着重).;Today,mathematicsincludescoursesinstatistics,whichdealswithgathering(集合),classifying(分类),andusingnumerical(数学、数字)data,orpiecesofinformation.Animportantaspectofstatisticalmathematics(记录数学)isprobability(概率论),whichdealswithwhatmayhappenwhentherearedifferentfactors,orvariables(变量),thatcanchangetheresultsofaproblem.;Beforetheconstruction(施工)ofabridgeisundertaken(着手、开始),forexample,astatisticalstudyismadeoftheamountoftraffic(交通量)(省略了which)thebridgewillbeexpectedtohandle.例如,在承担桥梁建设之前,运用记录研究来估计未来桥梁期望承受交通量.;Inthedesignofthebridge,variablessuchaswaterpressureonthefoundations(基础),impact(冲击力),theeffectsofdifferentwindforces(风力),andmanyotherfactorsmustbeconsidered.在桥梁设计中,必须考虑(多种)变量作用,如作用在基础上水压,碰
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